⚠️ What this document is (read this first): what follows is a general overview of what each regulation and disclosure framework is. The criteria for who is covered, the implementation schedules, and the figures are revised from time to time in each scheme, so they should always be checked against that scheme's official notice or source text. Whether a particular company has a calculation, reporting, or disclosure obligation is not legal advice; the final judgement should be reached through review by the person in charge and the relevant experts. This document only names and outlines the frameworks; it does not assert definitive obligations.
목적 (Purpose)
An overview of regulatory knowledge to refer to when building compliance features, in sales conversations, and when answering customer questions. It is the reference point for questions such as "does our company also have an obligation to calculate and report carbon emissions?" — it outlines which frameworks are relevant and points to the official place to confirm.
Framework Landscape at a Glance
| 프레임워크 (Framework) | 성격 (Nature) | 주로 다루는 것 (Main Focus) |
|---|---|---|
| K-ETS | 국내 규제(의무) (Domestic regulation, mandatory) | 온실가스 배출권 할당·거래·제출(MRV) (GHG allowance allocation, trading and surrender — MRV) |
| EU CBAM | 수출 대응(의무) (Export-facing, mandatory) | EU 수입 제품의 내재 배출량 보고 (Reporting embedded emissions of goods imported into the EU) |
| ESG 공시(IFRS S1/S2 기반) | 공시(단계적 의무화) (Disclosure, phased in) | 지속가능성·기후 관련 재무공시 (Sustainability- and climate-related financial disclosure) |
| TCFD | 공시 권고 프레임 (Recommended disclosure framework) | 기후 관련 재무정보 공개 구조 (Structure for disclosing climate-related financial information) |
| SBTi | 자발적 인증 (Voluntary certification) | 과학기반 감축목표 검증 (Validation of science-based reduction targets) |
| CDP | 자발적 정보공개 (Voluntary disclosure) | 기후 질의응답·공급망 데이터 요청 (Climate questionnaires and supply-chain data requests) |
K-ETS
- What it is: Korea's domestic greenhouse gas emissions trading scheme. Allowances are allocated to covered facilities, which then measure, report and verify (MRV) their actual emissions and surrender allowances against them — a mandatory regulation.
- General requirements: calculate emissions and prepare the statement → verification → surrender allowances. Scope 1·2 calculation supplies the underlying data.
- Where to confirm: whether a site is covered, its allocation and the schedule are confirmed through the official notices of the responsible domestic ministry (figures and dates are not asserted in this document).
- Calculation needed: a Scope 1·2 inventory produces the base data for MRV.
EU CBAM (탄소국경조정제도)
- What it is: a scheme under which the embedded emissions of certain goods imported into the EU are reported and carried a carbon cost.
- General requirements: calculating and reporting the embedded emissions of covered goods. The reporting stage and the cost-bearing stage are separated by phase (the specific goods and timing are confirmed with official EU material).
- Where to confirm: covered CN codes, reporting forms and phase-in stages follow official EU sources.
- Calculation needed: a product carbon footprint (PCF) supplies the base data for embedded-emissions reporting.
Domestic ESG Disclosure Mandate — IFRS S1/S2 Basis
- What it is: the movement toward disclosing sustainability- and climate-related information at the level of financial reporting. Domestic adoption is being discussed and pursued in phases on the basis of the international standards (IFRS S1 general, S2 climate).
- General requirements: disclosure of governance, strategy, risk management, and metrics and targets (including greenhouse gas emissions).
- Where to confirm: which companies are covered in which year, and when it takes effect, are confirmed against the domestic official roadmap (no particular year is asserted in this document).
- Calculation needed: Scope 1·2·3 emissions metrics become the data for the disclosure items.
TCFD
- What it is: a recommended framework for disclosing climate-related financial information. Many disclosure standards inherit its structure.
- Four disclosure areas: Governance · Strategy · Risk Management · Metrics & Targets.
SBTi
- What it is: a voluntary initiative that validates and certifies whether a company's greenhouse gas reduction targets meet scientific criteria (alignment with the Paris Agreement).
- General requirements: setting reduction targets by scope and meeting the criteria (the specific criteria and procedure are confirmed in SBTi's official documents).
- Calculation needed: a Scope 1·2·3 inventory becomes the baseline for setting and tracking targets.
CDP
- What it is: a voluntary platform on which companies disclose climate and environmental information in a questionnaire format. Customers increasingly ask their supply-chain partners for a CDP response or for the underlying data.
- General requirements: answering the questionnaire items — emissions, targets, risks and so on. Supply-chain (Scope 3) data requests are spreading.
- Calculation needed: the inventory, PCF and supply-chain data become the basis for the answers.
Related Documents
- Emissions calculation methodology: scope1-2-calculation-methodology.md · scope3-categories-overview.md
- Product carbon footprint (relevant to CBAM): pcf-methodology.md
- Standards landscape: ghg-protocol.md